References & Suggested Reading
1. Boothe, D. M. Bucheler Jorg. Drug and blood component therapy and neonatal isoerythrolysis. In: Hospkins J, editor. Veterinary Pediatrics: Dogs and cats from birth to six months. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 2001. pp. 35 -56
2. For citations on pediatric physiology with respect to analgesia see: Aarnes TK, Muir III WW. Pain Assessment and Management In: Small Animal Pediatrics. The first 12 months of life Peterson ME & Kutzler MA Eds. Elsevier, Missouri. 2011; 220-232
3.Lee, B. H. (2002) Managing p ain in human neonates – application for animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221, 233-237
4. Lee SJ, Ralston HJ, Drey EA et al. Fetal pain: a systematic multidisciplinary review of the evidence. JAMA 2005; 294: 947–954
5. Fitzgerald M, Beggs S. The neurobiology of pain: developmental aspects. Neuroscientist 2001;7:246–257
6. Taddio, A., Katz, J., Ilersich, A. L. & Koren, G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet 1997;349:599-603.
7. Berde, C. B. & Sethna, N. F. (2002) Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children. N Engl J Med 347, 109 4-1103
8. Blanco JG., Harrison PL.,Evans WE., et al. Human cytochrome P-450 maximal activities in pediatric vs adult liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:379-82
9. Pascoe, P. J. & P. F. Moon. (2001) Periparturient and neonatal anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 31(2), 315-40
10. Luks, A. M. Zwass, M. S. & Brown, R. C. (1998) Opioid-induced analgesia in neonatal dogs: Pharmacodynamic differences between morphine and fentanyl. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 284, 136-141
11. Bragg, P., Zwass, M. S. & Lau, M. (1995) Opioid pharmacodynamics in neonatal dogs: Differences between morphine and fentanyl. J Appl Physiology 79, 1519-1524
12. Bhutta AT. Ketamine: A Controversial Drug for Neonates. Semin Perinatol 2007 31:303-308
13. Himmelseher S, Durieux ME. Revising a Dogma: Ketamine for Patients with Neurological Injury? Anesth Analg 2005;101:524–34)
14. Lotx S, De Kock M, Henin P. The anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine : state of the art .. ActaA naesthB. elg.,2011, 62, 17-58
15. Hosgood, G. (1992) Surgical and anesthetic management of puppies and kittens. Comp Contin Edu 14, 345-357
16. Ball, A. J. & Ferguson, S. (1996) Analgesia and analgesic drugs in paediatrics. Br J Hosp Med 55(9), 586-590
17. Mathews KA, Kronen P, Lascelles D, et al Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain WSAVA Global Pain Council J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55.
18. Gibbon, K. J., Cyborski, J. M., Guzinski, M. V., et al. (200 23) Evaluation of a dverse effects of EMLA (lidocaine/prilocaine) cream for the placement of jugular catheters in healthy cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 26, 439-441
19. Taddio A; Soin HK; Schuh S; et al. Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children. J Can Med Assoc. 2005; 172(13): 1691-1695
20.Franss on, B. A., Peck, K. E., Smith, J. K., et al. (2002) Transdermal absorption of a liposome encapsulated formulation of l idocaine following topical administration in cats. Am J Vet Res 63, 1309-1312
21. Rodriguez E, Jordan R. Contemporary trends in pediatric sedation and analgesia. Pediatric emergency medicine: current concepts and controversies. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002;1:199-222
22. Lynn M. Rusy LM, Hainsworth KR, Nelson TJ et al. Gabapentin Use in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled TrialAnesth Analg 2010;110:1393–8)
23.Pillai Riddell R, Racine N, Turcotte K, et at. Non-pharmacological management of procedural pain in infants and young children: An abridged (Cochrane review. Pain Res Manag 2011;16:321-30
24.Golianu B, Krane E, Seybold J et al. Nonpharmacological techniques for pain management in neonates. Semin Perinatol 2007;31: 318–322
25. Gray, L., Miller, L. W., Barbara, B. A., et al. (2002) Breastfeeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics 109, 590-593
26. Mathews, K. A. Pain management for the pregnant, lactating and neonatal to pediatric cat and dog. Vet Clin Small Anim 2008;38:191-1308
27. Hansen TG. Developmental paediatric anaesthetic pharmacology. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Med 2015;16(8):417-422.
28. Loftis GK, Collins S, McDowell M. Anesthesia-induced neuronal apoptosis during synaptogenesis: a review of the literature. AANA J. 2012;80(4):291-8.
29. Sinner B, Becke K, Engelhard K. General anaesthetics and the developing brain: an overview. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(9):1009-22.
30. Brodbelty D. Perioperative mortality in small animal anaesthesia. The Veterinary Journal 2009;182:152-161.
31. Clark-Price S. Inadvertent perianesthetic hypothermia in small animal patients. Vet Clin Small Animal 2015;45:983-994.
